Henry inherited his father's lands in Normandy in 1151 CE, but he was ambitious for much more. It was time for unity and peace. During Stephen’s reign the Norman barons wielded great power, extorting money and looting town and country. Henry I’s death precipitated a 20-year crisis whose immediate cause was a succession dispute. A decade of civil war known as The Anarchy ensued when Matilda invaded from Anjou in 1139. In the treaty it was agreed, among other things that on Stephen's death the throne would go to Matilda's son, Henry. His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. World History Encyclopedia. KING STEPHEN'S REIGN (1135-1154) Paul Dalton, Paul Dalton, Grae ... Not in Library. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. While the country was ripped apart by the divided barons, the king was also threatened by the actions of his neighbours. 1127 CE) that year. He was Count of Boulogne from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. Stephen, King of England, provided money for bribing the archbishops so that he would no longer have to worry about a potential claimant to the throne of England living directly across the channel. Even the clergy was at it, fortifying many churches and abbeys as the level of security in certain parts of the kingdom fell to its lowest in the entire Middle Ages. Empress Matilda of EnglandPurpleHz (Public Domain). Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death. September 14th, 1999. She would be a formidable ally in her husband's fight to keep his crown, both in terms of finances and leadership. Stephen was crowned King of England on the 22nd December 1135, usurping his cousin and royal contender to the throne, Empress Matilda. At Stephen’s death, Henry ascended the throne as King Henry II. December 1994. Not in Library. King Stephen of England, often called Stephen of Blois, ruled from 1135 to 1154 CE. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Short Story. Matilda landed in England in 1139, and civil war disrupted the country with fighting between Stephen and forces loyal to Matilda. If William had not died, then Stephen would almost certainly never have been king. I could post the entire system somewhere if others would find it useful. A younger son of the Count of Blois, he was Count of Boulogne jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. Stephen King talks crime, creativity, and LATER. But there has been much debate among historians... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Stephen, King of England Posted on 4th January 2021 Stephen, also known as Stephen of Blois was born in Blois, France, the son of Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois and Chartres, and Adela of Normandy, daughter of William the Conqueror. Not in Library. He invaded Normandy in 1137 CE and despite Stephen's expedition there, the local barons proved less than willing to fight yet another war over this hotly contested territory. Stephen was a very weak king and the whole country was almost destroyed by the constant raids by the Scots and the Welsh. After six years shut up in her almost impregnable castle at Devizes, Matilda returned to Normandy, her focus now was the promotion of her son Henry of Anjou rather than herself. In return, Stephen was allowed to keep his crown for the rest of his life. Stephen was the third son of Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, and Adela, daughter of William I of England. The civil war was far from over, though, and would rage on for several more years yet. Stephen was then reinstated as king later in November in a dramatic turnaround of fortunes. King David of Scotland invaded England on Stephen’s ascension to the throne as he recognised his niece, Matilda, as the rightful monarch. S1 = Son of 1, D = Daughter, H = husband, etc.. "King Stephen of England." Cite This Work In November Stephen was exchanged for Gloucester, who had been captured by forces loyal to the king. Stephen de Blois, King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Boulogne, was born circa 1095 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France to Stephen II, Count of Blois (c1045-1102) and Adela of Normandy (c1062-1138) and died 25 October 1154 in Dover Priory, Dover, Kent, England, United Kingdom of unspecified causes. Early life. Kings of Wessex (West Saxons) name dynasty or house reign; 1 Athelstan was king of Wessex and the first king of all England. Henry, though, could bide his time and once he had much greater resources at his disposal, he tried another invasion in 1153 CE which, third time lucky, finally brought an end to the civil war. World History Encyclopedia. This was the lowest point of Stephen's reign and, at the time, it very much looked like the end of it. Henry, who was the duke of Aquitaine, had a claim to the English throne, and he invaded England in 1153. At first Stephen scored several military triumphs, but he lost the support of the church when he arrested Bishop Roger of Salisbury and his relatives. The lack of a strong monarch who could concentrate on foreign affairs was costing the English kingdom dear. In the east of Stephen's kingdom, 1146 CE saw the Welsh brothers Cadell ap Gruffydd (d. 1175 CE) and Maredudd win victories against English armies and so they significantly extended their territories into western Wales. Stephen of England & Henry II of EnglandBritish Library (Public Domain). The Sottish king would eventually grab control of Cumberland, Northumberland, Durham, Westmorland, and Lancaster but was at least pushed back by Stephen's victory near Northallerton in Yorkshire at the battle of the Standard in August 1138 CE. King Stephen. With a number of other magnates he was pledged to support Henry’s daughter, Matilda (q.v. December 1999. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne jure uxoris. Stephen was the first to swear, but on King Henry's death (Dec. 1, 1135) he hurried to England, gained the support of the citizens of London, and at Winchester, where his brother was bishop, won over the heads of the administration, the justiciar and the treasurer. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. King Stephen Edmund King Not in Library. His reign was so tenuous that he was challenged from every side. Unscrupulous barons took advantage of the chaos, sometimes known as 'The Anarchy', to seize new lands, build castles & even mint their own. He now faced Henry's third invasion and hoped for a decisive pitched battle, but in the event, neither side's soldiers or leaders were very keen on a fight. Stephen King of England (1097?-1154) 25 works Search for books with subject Stephen King of England (1097?-1154). Cartwright, Mark. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/King_Stephen_of_England/. Stephen and Matilda Jim Bradbury Not in Library. His predecessor Henry I of England (r. 1100-1135 CE) had left no male heir and his nominated successor, his daughter Empress Matilda, was not to the liking of many powerful barons who preferred Stephen, the wealthiest man in England and nephew of Henry I. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). ), as successor to the throne. Stephen, king of england, 1097-1154 14 works Search for books with subject Stephen, king of england, 1097-1154. Of his reign it was said that it seemed Christ and his saints slept. Stephen's remaining son Despite the issuing of new currency and administrative reforms, Stephen might potentially have lived for many more years, whilst Henry's position on the continent was far from secure. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. "King Stephen of England." For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Anarchy Teresa Cole Not in Library. King Stephen of England was the last of the Norman kings of England and his memory is forever tied to the long and vicious war he fought with his cousin, the Empress Matilda for England's crown.. King Stephen's exact birth date is not known, but it … The would-be queen was imprisoned in Arundel Castle in West Sussex. 2 James VI of Scotland became also James I of England in 1603. 1216-1399. It is a huge statue of Paul Bunyan with an… King Stephen followed King Henry I to the throne of England in 1135 in the common era (C.E.) The barons had no better candidate to support than Henry, and it was clear to all that the civil war had not done anybody any good (even if its chaos has perhaps been exaggerated by later historians) and the last thing England needed was another tussle for the throne. Succeeding... Matilda (aka Empress Matilda), daughter of, An uprising by followers of Robert Fitzroy, Earl of Gloucester, is quashed by, Robert Fitzroy, Earl of Gloucester, arrests and imprisons. Stephen was born at Blois in France, the son of Stephen, Count of Blois, and Adela (daughter of William the Conqueror). Stephen was born c. 1097 CE in Blois, France, his parents being Stephen Henry, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy, the daughter of William the Conqueror and sister of Henry I. Stephen was sent to his uncle Henry's court from the age of ten and, establishing himself as one of the king's favourites, he received riches and lands. With its impressive central mound and tower, high protective walls and deep defensive ditches, Wallingford Castle must have posed a formidable sight to besieging forces in the medieval period, among them those of King Stephen, who sought to take the fortification from his would-be usurper, Empress Matilda, on a number of occasions between 1139 and 1153. Seizing her opportunity, Matilda invaded England (September 1139). He gained... David II of Scotland ruled as king from 1329 to 1371 CE. Stephen gradually gained the upper hand, and in 1148 Matilda withdrew from England. The Empress fled to a new base at the castle of Devizes in Wiltshire. Yet another enemy was Ranulf, the Earl of Chester, justifiably upset that the king had given away his castle at Carlisle to the Scottish king (see below for Stephen's border troubles). The destruction of castles under Henry was not as dramatic as once thought, and although he restored royal revenues, the economy of England remained broadly unchanged under both rulers. Why We're in Vietnam. He also had a lucky escape in 1120 CE when the White Ship carrying Henry's heir William (b. c. 1103 CE) sank in the English Channel drowning all on board except a butcher from Rouen. The family tree listed here should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Updates? The family tree for Stephen, King of England is still in the early stages of research. Cartwright, M. (2019, December 06). The Welsh brothers Cadell ap Gruffydd and Maredudd win victories against armies of, Henry of Anjou is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey to become. Short Story. But Stephen was more popular than Matilda, as she was viewed by most of the people as a foreigner and a woman who was married to one of the hated Angevin enemy. He eventually accepted Matilda's son Henry as his heir. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/stephen-king-5155.php A timeline of all the kings and queens of England from the Anglo-Saxon period to the present. Uncollected. Whether developed for television or straight-to-video — remember video tapes? Consequently, Stephen wasted no time at all and gathered enough baronial support to be elected king on 22 December 1135 CE. Consequently, after Henry I died in December 1135, the leading lords and bishops welcomed Stephen when he crossed the English Channel to claim the crown. The second development was the death of Robert Fitzroy at Bristol in 1147 CE, he who had been a crucial motivator for many rebel barons. King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. All was not well in his kingdom, however. Stephen Edwin King (* 21.September 1947 in Portland, Maine) ist ein US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller.Er schrieb auch unter Pseudonymen, 1972 als John Swithen und zwischen 1977 und 1985 als Richard Bachman.Er ist vor allem bekannt für seine Horrorromane, die ihn zu einem der meistgelesenen und kommerziell erfolgreichsten Autoren der Gegenwart machen. Henry and Matilda apparently knew each other already; Henry decided that Matilda would be the most suitable bride for his new kingdom. Stephen, also called Stephen Of Blois, (born c. 1097—died Oct. 25, 1154, Dover, Kent, Eng. He was born in about 1092, hastily crowned king of England in 1135 and died in 1154. The first happened in December 1142 CE when Matilda was besieged at Oxford and she only managed to escape the castle by braving a snowstorm wrapped in a white cloak. However, she was subsequently freed only to then audaciously establish a rival court in south-west England. Stephen King was born in Portland, Maine in 1947, the second son of Donald and Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King. Although Stephen was brave and energetic, his affable, mild-mannered nature prevented him from providing firm leadership. Nevertheless, many English nobles were reluctant to accept a woman ruler, and Henry’s Norman subjects resented Matilda’s marriage into an Angevin family. Last modified December 06, 2019. Stephen, King of England (Ahnentafel No:1 ) William of Champagne. King Stephen agreed to accept Henry as his coadjutor and heir. Still he wanted more and set his eyes on England, weakened as it was by years of civil war. Here are seven English kings who have no confirmed grave. Stephen was crowned at Westminster Abbey on the 26 December 1135. In fact, the king's opponents were mounting up as even his own brother, Henry of Blois, fell out of favour with him over who should control the see of Canterbury. Stephen's decision to recognise Henry as his heir was, at the time, not necessarily a final solution to the civil war. Upon Stephen’s death in 1154, Henry was crowned King Henry II, the first of the Plantagenet line of kings. In 1154, Stephen died and the line of Norman Kings ended. December 1977. The rebels were dealt another blow when royalists - in the form of an army of mercenaries from Flanders led by Stephen's wife Queen Matilda - captured Robert Fitzroy. During Stephen's reign, then, the lands in Normandy had been lost, and now the Norman line of kings came to an end. World History Encyclopedia. The most significant facts about Stephen (King of England) in interactive timeline full of images, videos, and quotations Family. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Henry I’s death precipitated a 20-year crisis whose immediate cause was a succession dispute. Related Content In the fall of 1971, he began teaching high school English classes at Hampden Academy, the public high school in Hampden, Maine. Although Stephen at this point exercised nominal control over most of the kingdom, he had neither the resources nor the will to suppress lawlessness and to mediate between warring nobles. History What do these numbers and letters like "S1" and "H3" mean? Reply. Not in Library. His predecessor Henry I of England (r. 1100-1135 CE) had left no male heir and his nominated successor, his daughter Empress Matilda, was not to the liking of many powerful barons who preferred Stephen, the wealthiest man in England and nephew of Henry I. Tabitha and Stephen King — both acclaimed novelists — denounced news headlines about their recent $1.25 million donation to the New England Historic Genealogical Society. King Stephen of England as photo on ClipDealer - Royalty-free images and pictures: King Stephen (1096-1154) on engraving from the 1800s. King Stephen of England and his wife, Matilda of Boulogne, had 3 children who survived infancy, and yet – on his death – Stephen disinherited his surviving son, William, to leave his throne to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. Stephen, often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was a grandson of William the Conqueror. Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death. Novella. Henry was the … Who reigned when? The Woman in the Room. Stephen had a very decent pedigree as grandson TO William the Conqueror & nephew TO Henry I. Upon accession to the English throne, he styled himself "King of Great Britain" and was so proclaimed. When Eustace died in August, Stephen lost heart; he signed a treaty designating Henry as his successor. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stephen-king-of-England. Alfred the Great. Part of the English History guide at Britain Express. Unfortunately, the king could not always buy loyalty by giving out royal lands as his predecessor Henry I had already overused this strategy and left the Crown somewhat impoverished. Not in Library. Posted on April 3, 2020 by James M. Arlandson. Woman - An Anthology. Search. TV has been a favorite home to adaptations of Stephen King books and short stories into series, mini-series, and TV movies since 1979 TV series Salem’s Lot. In 1135 Henry I ’s death sparked off a succession crisis leading to a period known as The Anarchy which came to a head during the reign of Stephen of Blois. King Stephen Edmund King Read it in Hardcover at 384 pages including Biblio+Appendix+maps The time when Henry I died without direct heir and before Henry II, his grandson, could attain the throne; England was in the grip of civil war. Henry would begin a new ruling dynasty, the Angevins-Plantagenets, and he would rule until 1189 CE, forming the largest empire in western Europe and putting himself down as a strong candidate for one of England's greatest ever kings. Timeline of the Kings and Queens of England from 1066 to 1603. The Stuarts (1603 - 1649) (1660 - 1714) The House of Hanoverians (1714 -1901) Saxe-Coburg-Gotha … Word Processor of the Gods. When Stephen died the following year, Henry succeeded without opposition, thus becoming King Henry II of England. Not in Library. 26 Apr 2021. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Willa. Stephen was obliged to withdraw and leave Normandy to fend for itself. In an incredible display of chivalry, Stephen had Matilda escorted to Bristol, and she proceeded to bring most of western England under her control. Another attack in 1149 CE, this time in the north of England and with the assistance of David I of Scotland (r. 1124-1153 CE), was defeated by an army of Stephen's. Before naming Matilda as heir, he had been in negotiations to name his nephew Stephen of Bloisas his heir. tephen of Blois, with the approval of the Norman barons, claimed the English throne in 1135 after the death of Henry I, king of England. Not in Library. Empress Matilda's husband Count Geoffrey was as ambitious as his wife to control England, and another even more important ally in Matilda's cause was Robert Fitzroy, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I. L. 1113-1151 CE ) publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered the. 15 most important of the kings and Queens of England, weakened as it was by years civil! 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