Robinson, Edward L. author. E. Frankland, “Contributions to the Notation of Organic and Inorganic Bodies”, in Journal of the Chemical Society, 4 (1866). Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. There is also a complete collection of detaileddiaries by his daughter. If no match exists, you will be prompted to add a new person to the tree. love with Edward Franklin, a scientist specialised on rheumatology research. The suggestion that she was his mistress is without foundation. Faulhorn in Switzerland while on a protein-free diet, then measuring the nitrogen output in their urine6. . II. 6. Lancastrian Chemist: The Early Years of Sir Edward Frankland. For an extremely thorough analysis of Frankland’s contributions to valence theory, see C. A. Russell, History of Valency (Leicester, 1971). At just this time the chemists of Britain were beginning to agitate for professional recognition, and this was achieved in 1877 by the creation of the Institute of Chemistry. Franklin's contributions to the American Revolution and the building of a new nation were but a garnish on an already distinguished career as a writer, publisher, scientist and inventor. ." Frankland’s period as a schoolteacher is sketched in D. Thompson, “Queenwood College, Hampshire”, in Annals of Science, 11 (1955), 246–254; and his contribution to biochemistry in E. McCollum, A History of Nutrition (Boston, 1957), pp. [15] After his return to England Frankland achieved the synthesis of diethylzinc and dimethylzinc by the reaction of ethyl iodide and methyl iodide with metallic zinc. However, the scientific community knew nothing of this and, quite rightly, rejoiced in the KCB being awarded to one of their most distinguished members. ———. In this episode of the podcast, I will be reviewing the sci-fi/horror movie Creature with the Atom Brain. Elected to the Royal Society Council as soon as he moved to London, Frankland might have expected the eventual accolade of presidency of the Royal Society. Frankland’s books were Ueber die Isolirung des Radicales Aethyl (Marburg-Brunswick, 1849), his Ph.D. (April 16, 2021). [17] Edward Frankland's 1852 publication on his discovery of the theory of valence was honoured by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society in 2015. Much of the Frankland material that emerged between 1980 and 2005 demonstrated how tortuous were some of his family relationships. Together with Tyndall, T. H. Huxley, J. D. Hooker, and others he was an active member of an informal scientific pressure group which called itself the X Club. ~ ~ ~ ~ Collegiate Grad of BYU, Class of 1922. Frankland’s method, although extremely accurate, proved too cumbersome and difficult for the unskilled, so Wanklyn’s simpler but less reliable technique was usually preferred by public analysts. Career . science concludes that Frankland had strong political motivations, and there is no doubt that financial ambition strongly colored his approach to this topic. If both these assumptions were made, it followed that the homologues of acetic acid (e.g., propionic acid) arose from the conjugation of oxalic acid with ethyl (alkyl) radicals. With support and encouragement from Johnson, Frankland acquired, in 1845, a place in the Westminster laboratory of Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair. At the time, which was around the 19th century, England was stuck with a cholera epidemic, which is a disease that happens when a person drinks contaminated water. A full version of H. E. Armstrong’s Frankland memorial lecture to the Chemical Society was never published, but see his interesting “First Frankland Memorial Oration to the Lancastrian Frankland Society”, in Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 53 (1934), 459–466. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2004. Buried at Tarter Cemetery. Note also Frankland’s important evidence to the Select Committee on Scientific Instruction for Industrial Classes, 1867–1868, in Parliamentary Papers 1867–1868, XV (432), pars. Edward Frankland was born in Catterall, Lancashire and baptised at Churchtown, Lancashire on 20 February 1825. Fierce controversy raged with his other son Percy, leading to a complete rupture of family relationships, ostensibly caused by controversy about payments for water analyses. McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. A rival method developed by J. Publication of this paper was delayed by the oversight of the Society’s secretary, G. Stokes (see Frankland’s autobiography, 1902 ed., p. 187). [17], Frankland and Lockyer were also the discoverers of helium, along with Pierre Jules César Janssen. A. Wanklyn in the same year9, which identified nitrogen content as ammonia, led to acrimonious disputes between the two men over the respective merits of their systems. Original Works. In 1865, when he succeeded August Wilhelm von Hofmann at the School of Mines, he undertook the duty of making monthly reports to the registrar-general on the character of the water supplied to London, and these he continued down to the end of his life. text file PDF Summary: Frankland’s invention of the term chemical bond also denotes a fundamentally new approach to chemistry. View Edward Franklin’s profile on LinkedIn, the world’s largest professional community. E. Frankland. The beginnings of science and the scientific method largely came from the ancient Greek world, which encompassed the eastern part of the Mediterranean. All this material remains in private hands, but most has been microfilmed. During the latter part of his six-year apprenticeship, Frankland also attended the Lancaster Mechanics' Institute (later to become The Storey, attending classes in a makeshift cottage laboratory made available to local apprentices and other young men by a local doctor, James Johnson. [9], Edward Frankland became engaged to Sophie Fick, sister of physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick, from Kassel in October 1849. In early 1922, shortly after Franklin S. Harris’s appointment as Brimhall’s successor, Chamberlin applied to teach again but was told … E. Frankland, “On the Origin of Muscular Power”, ibid., 32 (1866), 182–199. of I; Reports of the Rivers Pollution Commission (1868), 6 vols. Frankland possessed a voracious appetite for travel, which he combined with mountaineering, yachting, and fishing. Ralph Chamberlin remained in Provo for one year before returning to the University of Utah and then to an appointment at Harvard. [7]:508, His son Percy Frankland was also a noted chemist and a Fellow of the Royal Society. Personal Relations . chemistry, physics. diss. Russell, Colin A. At the age of eighteen Frankland underwent an extreme form of evangelical conversion, but after 1848 he lapsed into skepticism. This 1955 creature feature stars Richard Denning as a forensic scientist who works to stop an army of Atomic Monsters. Graham, Thomas The 1950s Science Fiction Podcast. Frankland received a knighthood in the Queen’s Jubilee Honours List in 1897. Documents later discovered clarified his lecturing style and material and his relations with colleagues. Edward Franklin Stevens was born on November 14, 1874, in Holden, Millard County, Utah, the first son of Edward Stevens and Mettie Johanna Stephenson. ." Graham, Thomas Finally, note Frankland’s influence in George S. Newth, Chemical Lecture Experiments. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1853, he received both its Royal and Copley medals. [4] and his duties included "mortar and pestle work", pounding and mixing large quantities of chemicals to create medicinal preparations such as ointments. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. [5]:124–125 Others in that youthful circle were the scientific writer Robert Galloway (also apprenticed to Ross) and the anatomist William Turner. But he did serve as president of the Chemical Society from 1871 to 1873 and was the founder and first president of the Institute of Chemistry (the society for professional chemists) from 1877 to 1880. 16 Apr. Adding trainee for Edward Franklin Type a name and select match from the drop-down list. (London, 1876), “Chemistry, Biology”, pp. A later discovered letter about the presidency, written by Huxley, contains the pregnant phrase “Frankland won't do.” Though no explanation was given, it seems that it was chiefly Frankland’s trade associations that debarred him from the highest office in British science. But he did run a series of courses for teachers to give training in practical work, and he published an influential book, How to Teach Chemistry (1875). Frankland’s role as a leading chemical educator has long been recognized, though the magnitude of his contribution has only in the early 2000s been understood. Here was the seed of the concept of valance, which, with international agreement on atomic weight values, was to unite the rival theoretical schools of chemistry during the 1860’s into the common aim of structural chemistry. Letters between Sophie and her younger daughter, also named Sophie, reveal how deeply she regretted being severed from her family; Frankland rarely visited, staying only briefly, though her end was clearly near. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. [7][10] They married on 27 February 1851 at St Martin-in-the-Fields. For Kekulé’s claim to priority in valence theory, see his unpublished MS “Zur Geschichte der Valenztheorie”, in R. Anschütz, August Kekulé, I (Berlin, 1929), 555–569, repr. In 1862, 1864, and 1866, Frankland was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, speaking on the topics Air and Water; The Chemistry of a Coal and The Chemistry of Gases respectively. Educational Advances . Prometheans in the Lab. On the X Club, see Frankland’s autobiography. If no match exists, you will be prompted to add a new person to the tree. From 1847 to 1848 he taught science with John Tyndall at the progressive Quaker school run by George Edmondson at Queenwood, Hampshire. "I was already much interested in chemistry, my step-father allowed me to stay away from school in order to attend the trial"[3]:17 That confirmed their suspicion that muscular energy comes principally from the oxidation of nonnitrogenous materials. . Unlisted papers held by the Frankland family are not yet available for study. ed. In addition to these two chemical bodies, the Royal Society claimed much of Frankland’s spare time. Hence Frankland abruptly terminated his studies in Germany and returned to take up Playfair's former position in England. This was the first time an element was discovered on an extraterrestrial world before being found on the earth. “On a New Series of Organic Bodies Containing Metals”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 142 (1852), 417–444, sec p. 440. He was also a keen gardener, music lover, and amateur astronomer. ~ ~ Mary LaReal Jones was born on December 7, 1892 in Provo, Utah. In their joint work of 1847 they pointed out that if these so-called nitriles were really cyanides, then their hydrolysis would agree with Berzelius’ iconoclastic suggestion that acetic acid was a methyl radical conjugated with oxalic acid (C2 H3. Edition: Core Textbook Publication: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, [2017] Format/Description: Book 1 online resource Language: In English. (b. Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, 31 March 1831; d. Kirkintilloch, 11 March 1892) Robert Bunsen is believed to have directed his students, Edward Frankland and Hermann Kolbe, to the investigation of cacodyl, leading to Frankland's discovery of organometallic compounds. Couper, Archibald Scott The circumstances were later clearer as to his first chemical appointment, under Lyon Playfair, and it is certain that the Johnsons played a part in securing him the job. According to Frankland himself, his interest in chemistry was furthered by a case held in the court of Lancaster Castle, which was adjacent to the Free Grammar School (then located on Castle Hill, Lancaster). He introduced a new emphasis on theory and at least some knowledge of experiments. The fact that he was rarely recognized for these singular achievements requires complex explanation, including the ambivalent role of organometallic chemistry, his use of old atomic weights and equivalents, the controversy between proponents of radicals and types, and the personal opposition of his great rival, August Kekulé. [7]:217, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, "Lancaster Library Collection, Item DDX 2743/MS5076, Sir Edward Frankland: Indenture of apprenticeship to Stephen Ross of Lancaster, druggist, for 6 years, as a chemist and druggist, the collection of Lancashire Archives", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, "The Foundations of Classical Stereochemistry", "Zinc Alkyls, Edward Frankland, and the Beginnings of Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry", "Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award", "Sir Edward Frankland & Sir Harry Enfield Roscoe", "Lancaster school unveils tribute to scientist", "Sir Edward Frankland Chemical Scientist", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Frankland&oldid=1012264028, Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, Academics of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, People educated at Lancaster Royal Grammar School, Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Pioneer in water analysis, Discoverer of the principle of valency in chemistry, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, 1897, Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, for Frankland's 1852 publication on the discovery of the theory of valence, awarded to the, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 13:39. Appointed a member of the second royal commission on the pollution of rivers in 1868, he was provided by the government with a completely equipped laboratory, in which, for a period of six years, he carried on the inquiries necessary for the purposes of that body, and was thus the means of bringing to light an enormous amount of valuable information respecting the contamination of rivers by sewage, trade-refuse, &c., and the purification of water for domestic use. In 1874, following the death of his first wife, Sophie Fick, by whom he had three sons and two daughters, he married Ellen Grenside, by whom he had two daughters. "Frankland, Edward in facs. University, Book 5, page 443. Frankland wished to become a doctor, but the cost of training was "absolutely prohibitive". In 1866 he published an influential textbook, Lecture Notes, in which he adopted Crum Brown’s graphic (structural) formulas and argued (against Kekulé) that elements could exhibit more than one valence below a fixed upper maximum. He also studied luminous flames and the effects of atmospheric pressure on dense ignited gas, and was one of the discoverers of helium. "Frankland, Edward Liberal Arts and Sciences: Mathematics and Sciences Our Program. View the profiles of professionals named "Eddy Franklin" on LinkedIn. Frankland’s wide interests included biology. Family Group Sheet for George Washington Franklin Sources (con't) 3 Ancestry.com, Kentucky Death Index, 1911-2000 (Provo, UT, USA, The Generations Network, Inc., Following a year at Marburg, Frankland spent a similar period at Putney College before becoming the first professor of chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. From 1863 to 1870 he and Baldwin Duppa exploited zinc ethyl and other organic reagents, including ethyl acetate, in the synthesis of ethers, dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. In the early twenty-first century it was clear that Frankland’s importance for the development of valence and structure theories had been considerably underrated. An expert in water quality and analysis, he was a member of the second royal commission on the pollution of rivers, and studied London's water quality for decades. ——— .“Edward Frankland.” In New Dictionary of National Biography. For Frankland’s activities on behalf of professional chemists, see R. B. Pilcher, The Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, History of the Institute, 1877–1914 (London, 1914), passim. a scientist who would prove to be the intellectual guru of world-leading research in immunology. One of the purposes of the expedition was to discover whether the rate of combustion of a candle varies with the density of the atmosphere in which it is burnt, a question which was answered in the negative. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. At NYU, Baruj became the center of a distinguished group of scientists that included Michael Heidelberger, Zoltan Ovary, Edward Franklin, Jonathan Uhr, Ellen Vitetta, Bernard Levine, Jeanette Thorbecke, [3]:24–28 In 1844 H. Fehling had obtained a new compound, benzonitrile, C7 H5 N (i.e., phenyl cyanide), by the dry distillation of ammonium benzoate. 3. His second marriage was far from happy, and he was often away from home. In 1846 Frankland became Playfair’s assistant at the Civil Engineering College at Putney, London. If, as the conjugation theories of Berzelius and Liebig held, the different alkyl groups associated with oxalic acid (i.e., a carboxylic group) had little or no influence on the combining properties of the acid, why did alkylconjugated metals have combining powers different from those of the metals alone? E. Frankland and H. Kolbe, “On the Chemical Constitution of Metacetonic Acid, and Some Other Bodies Related to It”, in Memories of the Chemical Society, 3 (1845–1848), 386–391. Scientific Work . In 1867, together with H. E. Armstrong, Frankland devised a method for analyzing water by combustion analysis of organic carbon and nitrogen in vacuo8. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/frankland-edward, "Frankland, Edward [11] After Sophie's death from tuberculosis in 1874, in 1875 Edward Frankland married Ellen Frances Grenside. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html, (b. Churchtown, Lancashire, 18 January 1825, d. Golaa, Norway, 9 August 1899). In 1857 he became lecturer in chemistry at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and in 1863 professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution, London. Name: However, the date of retrieval is often important. A study in the social historyof. He was hailed as one of the great founders of synthetic organic chemistry. Their influence was truly remarkable and extended far beyond Frankland. Secondary Literature. Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Commencement Programs Students 5-31-1940 Utah State University Commencement, 1940 Utah State University Frankland’s elder son Fred was exiled to New Zealand because he failed to achieve his father’s exacting academic standards. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Edward Frankland Lancaster Museum chemical Lecture experiments in Golaa, a history of chemistry Owens! Flames and the effects of atmospheric pressure on dense ignited gas, and perform experiments all... And Colin A. Russell bodies, the theoretical deductions Frankland drew from considering these bodies were even more interesting important! Persuade the authorities to introduce practical examinations until 1878: Royal Institute of Chemistry/Milton Keynes, University... Which encompassed the eastern part of the concept to organic chemistry unknown.... Perform experiments, all while maintaining an ethical mindset ] he died in Golaa, a history of chemistry St.! 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Your word 's meaning quickly sarah Pauline Franklin born December 15, 1831-1838 in TN, from... Organic chemistry combining power as zinc for his development of a Web of industrial consultancies ( unknown. The Queen ’ s Hospital ( London-New York, 1964 ),.. At Giessen diet, then measuring the nitrogen output in their urine6 becoming president in 1871–1872,..., 182–199 '' on LinkedIn an ethical mindset clarified his lecturing style and and.